The
New York Times published a curious
opinion piece by a devout Mormon who insists that he
is not a “Christian.”
I’m about as genuine a Mormon as you’ll find — a templegoer with a Utah
pedigree and an administrative position in a congregation of the Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-day Saints. I am also emphatically not a
Christian.
He equivocates on what he means by “Christian.” Sometimes he seems to refer
to a set of historical and theological beliefs (he agrees with Richard Land that
Mormonism is “a fourth Abrahamic religion, along with Judaism, Christianity and
Islam”); other times to a culture of power and acceptance and behavior (“Being a
Christian so often involves such boorish and meanspirited behavior that I marvel
that any of my Mormon colleagues are so eager to join the fold”), and he also
uses it in verbal form positively (“Mormons are certainly Christian enough to
know how to spitefully abuse their power”).
One might think that a Mormon offering a strong defense of dissimilarity from
historic Christianity would insist that theology matters. But that’s the
opposite of this writer’s approach.
For the curious, the dispute can be reduced to Jesus. Mormons assert that
because they believe Jesus is divine, they are Christians by default.
Christians respond that because Mormons don’t believe — in accordance with
the Nicene Creed promulgated in the fourth century — that Jesus is also the
Father and the Holy Spirit, the Jesus that Mormons have in mind is someone else
altogether. The Mormon reaction is incredulity. The Christian retort is
exasperation. Rinse and repeat.
I am confident that I am not the only person — Mormon or Christian — who has
had enough of the acrimonious niggling from both sides over the nature of the
trinity, the authority of the creeds, the significance of grace and works, the
union of Christ’s divinity and humanity, and the real color of God’s
underwear.
Regarding the statement I’ve italicized: I understand that (1) this is an
opinion piece, (2) that most Mormons don’t understand the Trinity, and (3) that
many evangelicals—to use
Robert Letham’s indictment—are “functional
modalists”—but one would still think that the Paper of Record would flag a
historical error this significant. The pro-Nicene theology emerging from the
fourth century most certainly did not say that Jesus is the Father and the
Spirit. That is a heretical belief.
For those who would be helped by a review of some of the key differences
between Mormonism (or The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) and
historic Christianity, I once constructed a Q&A format from
the ESV Study Bible article on religious cults and
sects (article available online to subscribers). It’s an attempt to be
concise and accurate without being overly simplistic.
What do Mormons believe about apostasy and restoration?
Mormons claim that “total” apostasy overcame the church following apostolic
times, and that the Mormon Church (founded in 1830) is the “restored
church.”
What’s the problem with this understanding?
If the Mormon Church were truly a “restored church,” one would expect to find
first-century historical evidence for Mormon doctrines like the plurality of
gods and God the Father having once been a man. Such evidence is completely
lacking. Besides, the Bible disallows a
total apostasy of the church
(e.g.,
Matt. 16:18; 28:20;
Eph. 3:21; 4:11-16), warning instead of
partial apostasy (
1 Tim. 4:1).
What do Mormons believe about God?
Mormons claim that God the Father was once a man and that he
then progressed to godhood (that is, he is a now-exalted, immortal man with a
flesh-and-bone body).
What does the Bible teach about the nature of God?
Based on the Bible, God is not and has never been a man (
Num. 23:19;
Hos. 11:9). He is a spirit (
John 4:24), and a spirit does not have flesh and bones (
Luke 24:39). Furthermore, God is eternal
(
Ps. 90:2; 102:27;
Isa. 57:15;
1 Tim. 1:17) and immutable (or unchangeable in his being and
perfections; see
Ps. 102:25-27;
Mal. 3:6). He did not “progress” toward godhood, but has always
been God.
What do Mormons believe about the Trinity and
polytheism?
Mormons believe that the Trinity consists not of three
persons in one God but rather of three distinct gods. According to Mormonism,
there are potentially many thousands of gods besides these.
What does the Bible teach about the Triune God?
Trusting in or worshiping more than one god is explicitly condemned
throughout the Bible (e.g.,
Ex. 20:3). There is only one true God (
Deut. 4:35, 39; 6:4;
Isa. 43:10; 44:6, 8; 45:18; 46:9;
1 Cor. 8:4;
James 2:19), who exists eternally in three persons—the Father,
the Son, and the Holy Spirit (
Matt. 28:19;
2 Cor. 13:14).
What do Mormons believe about human exaltation?
Mormons believe that humans, like God the Father, can go through a process of
exaltation to godhood.
What does the Bible teach about humanity?
The Bible teaches that the yearning to be godlike led to the fall of mankind
(
Gen. 3:4ff.). God does not look kindly
on humans who pretend to attain to deity (
Acts 12:21-23; contrast
Acts 14:11-15). God desires humans to humbly recognize that they
are his creatures (
Gen. 2:7; 5:2;
Ps. 95:6-7; 100:3). The state of the
redeemed in eternity will be one of glorious immortality, but they will forever
remain God’s creatures, adopted as his children (
Rom. 8:14-30;
1 Cor. 15:42-57;
Rev. 21:3-7). Believers will never
become gods.
What do Mormons believe about Jesus?
Mormons believe that Jesus Christ was the firstborn
spirit-child of the heavenly Father and a heavenly Mother. Jesus then
progressed to deity in the spirit world. He was later physically
conceived in Mary’s womb, as the literal “only begotten” Son of God the Father
in the flesh (though many present-day Mormons remain somewhat vague as to how
this occurred).
What does the Bible teach about Jesus?
Biblically, the description of Jesus as the “only begotten” refers to his
being the Father’s
unique,
one-of-a-kind Son for all eternity,
with the same divine nature as the Father (see note on
John 1:14; cf.
John 1:18; 3:16, 18; see also
John 5:18; 10:30). Moreover, he is
eternal deity (
John 1:1; 8:58) and is immutable (
Heb. 1:10-12; 13:8), meaning he did not
progress to deity but has
always been God. And Mary’s
conception of Jesus in his humanity was through a miracle of the Holy Spirit (
Matt. 1:20).
What do Mormons believe about our eternal destiny?
Mormons believe that most people will end up in one of three
kingdoms of glory, depending on one’s level of faithfulness. Belief in Christ,
or even in God, is not necessary to obtain immortality in one of these three
kingdoms, and therefore only the most spiritually perverse will go to hell.
What does the Bible teach about our eternal destiny ?
The Bible teaches that people have just
two
possibilities for their eternal futures: the saved will enjoy eternal life with
God in the new heavens and new earth (
Phil. 3:20;
Rev. 21:1-4; 22:1-5), while the unsaved
will spend eternity in hell (
Matt. 25:41, 46;
Rev. 20:13-15).
What do Mormons believe about sin and atonement?
Mormons believe that Adam’s transgression was a noble act that made it
possible for humans to become mortal, a necessary step on the path to exaltation
to godhood. They think that Christ’s atonement secures immortality for virtually
all people, whether they repent and believe or not.
What does the Bible teach about sin and atonement?
Biblically, there was nothing noble about Adam’s sin, which was not a
stepping-stone to godhood but rather brought nothing but sin, misery, and death
to mankind (
Gen. 3:16-19;
Rom. 5:12-14). Jesus atoned for the sins of all who would trust
him for salvation (
Isa. 53:6;
John 1:29;
2 Cor. 5:21;
1 Pet. 2:24; 3:18;
1 John 2:2; 4:10).
What do Mormons believe about salvation?
Mormons believe that God gives to (virtually) everyone a
general salvation to immortal life in one of the heavenly kingdoms, which is how
they understand salvation by grace. Belief in Christ is necessary only to obtain
passage to the highest, celestial kingdom—for which not only faith but
participation in Mormon temple rituals and obedience to its “laws of the gospel”
are also prerequisites.
What does the Bible teach about salvation?
Biblically, salvation by grace must be received through faith in Christ (
John 3:15-16; 11:25; 12:46;
Acts 16:31;
Rom. 3:22-24;
Eph. 2:8-9), and all true believers are promised eternal life in
God’s presence (
Matt. 5:3-8;
John 14:1-3;
Rev. 21:3-7).